Understanding Gastrointestinal Oncology
What is Gastrointestinal Cancer?
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer refers to cancers that affect the digestive system, including the stomach, esophagus, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, biliary system, rectum, and anus. Symptoms vary but may include abdominal pain, nausea or vomiting, heartburn or indigestion, blood in stool, anemia, poor appetite, and weight loss. Diagnosis typically involves an endoscopy or colonoscopy, followed by a biopsy. Treatment depends on the cancer’s type, location, and stage.
Types of Gastrointestinal Cancers
Common GI cancers include:
Esophageal Cancer: Often diagnosed at advanced stages.
Stomach Cancer: Begins in the inner lining of the stomach and can spread.
Pancreatic Cancer: Most commonly starts in the pancreatic ducts.
Liver Cancer: Linked to chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis.
Other types include colorectal, anal, gallbladder cancer, and gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors.
Treatment Options for Gastrointestinal Cancer
Treatment for gastrointestinal cancer depends on the cancer’s type and stage. It can include surgery, which is common for early-stage cancers to remove affected tissue. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are used after surgery or when surgery isn’t an option.
Surgical Oncology
Surgical oncology involves the surgical removal of tumors to treat cancer. It remains the most effective treatment for many types of GI cancer. Surgeons may also perform palliative surgery to manage symptoms or improve comfort.
Laparoscopic Cancer Surgery
Laparoscopic surgery is a minimally invasive technique, offering faster recovery, minimal scarring, and shorter hospital stays. Small incisions are made to insert a camera and surgical tools, enabling precise surgery with less pain.
Can oncological surgeries be performed laparoscopically?
Yes, oncological surgeries can be performed laparoscopically. Surgical oncology involves diagnosing, staging, and treating cancer through surgery, historically the most effective cancer treatment. While non-surgical advancements exist, their success depends on cancer type and stage, making surgical oncology the leading option for potential cures.
Oncology surgeons also perform palliative surgeries to manage pain, relieve symptoms, and enhance quality of life. Depending on the tumor’s type, location, and size, they may use open surgery, robotic technology, or minimally invasive laparoscopic techniques, which offer faster recovery, less scarring, and reduced discomfort.